儿童呼吸道病毒:继发细菌感染的多吗?
儿童呼吸道病毒感染很大一部分都是来自于呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV),世界卫生组织的报告认为:儿童急性呼吸道感染,超过63%都是呼吸道合胞病毒。在高峰期,1岁以下的宝宝更是有超过80%的呼吸道感染来自于这个病毒。可以说,呼吸道合胞病毒是目前儿童毛细支气管炎和肺炎的元凶。
那么儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染后,继发细菌感染的多吗?
我们来看这段话:
Secondary bacterial infection — With the exception of otitis media, secondary bacterial infection is uncommon among infants and young children with bronchiolitis or RSV infection. In a nine-year prospective study of 565 children (<3 years) hospitalized with documented RSV infection, subsequent bacterial infection developed in only 1.2 percent and subsequent bacterial pneumonia in 0.9 percent. The risk of secondary bacterial pneumonia is increased among children who require admission to the intensive care unit, particularly those who require intubation . Bronchiolitis in infants and children: Clinical features and diagnosis Via uptodate
意思就是说:婴幼儿呼吸道合胞病毒感染、毛细支气管炎,除了中耳炎外,继发其他细菌感染并不常见。有一个历时九年的前瞻性研究,分析了565个3岁以下,因为呼吸道合胞病毒感染住院的孩子,继发细菌感染的只有1.2%,继发细菌性肺炎的只有0.9%。继发细菌感染的是那些住重症监护室、需要气管插管的孩子。
总之,儿童,特别是3岁以下婴幼儿,急性呼吸道感染以病毒感染为主,继发细菌感染,特别是细菌性肺炎的情况并不多见。以继发感染/混合感染为由,滥用抗生素是站不住脚的。
参考文献:
1.Bronchiolitis in infants and children: Clinical features and diagnosis Via uptodate
2.Giovanni Piedimonte, Miriam K. Perez. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and Bronchiolitis. Pediatrics in Review December 2014,35:12